Due fat and cholesterol accumulated in the arteries there may be block in the artery. The bypass heart surgery bypasses these blocks in the artery through new grafts that are placed before and after the blocked area of the artery. A bypass heart surgery is usually done by stopping the beat of the heart and using a heart lung machine which does the job of the heart. The heart lung machine plays an important role in a bypass heart surgery.
There are also new methods developed to perform a bypass heart surgery without stopping the heart also. Such methods are called Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery. The main advantages of these OPCAB methods are the reduction in the transfusion of blood necessary for the heart surgery. Moreover these methods help reduce the renal and the neurological complications in our body after a bypass heart surgery.
Monitoring the patients is an important task after a bypass heart surgery. Constipation, muscle pain and swelling in the area where the vein was removed for bypass heart surgery are found to be common for the patients who have undergone bypass heart surgery.
I highly recommend you visit patient's guide to heart surgery for more information
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